Upper Urinary Tract (Posterior Urethral Valves)

Operative findings in a 6-month-old infant with posterior urethral valves and secondary involvement of the upper urinary tract. At the bottom there is the large and filled bladder. At the top and on the left side of the patient the grotesquely dilated and tortuous left ureter is marked with a yellow string. The diagnosis is obstructive megaureter of the left side as a secondary sequel of hypertrophy of the bladder wall. A similar finding may be seen in a secondary high-grade reflux following extravesicalization of the orifice by a paraostial pseudo-diverticulum.